Crop Yield and Nutrient Efficiency under Organic Manure Substitution Fertilizer in a Double Cropping System: A 6-Year Field Experiment on an Anthrosol

The combination of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer plays a role in increasing crop yield nutrient efficiency, but such effectiveness varies with crop, soil, management, climate. Here, 6-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects substituting on yield, grain protein content, nitrogen phosphorus efficiency under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system Anthrosol. Five treatments were included: recommended (N), (P) potassium (K) fertilizers (NPK), 75% NPK + 25% (M), 50% M, 100% respectively. Wheat, maize, annual 1643–8438 kg ha−1, 4847–11,104 10,007–17,496 ha−1. Organic produced same as treatment except for M. Grain content wheat 7.9–15.1% 5.6–12.6%. yielded significantly lower had no significant effect relative treatment. Nitrogen uptake use at level 0.67–1.16 35.7–60.5 kg−1. Phosphorus 0.28–0.75 167–531 Compared treatment, M improved decreased efficiencies. Annual N P budgets −1.3–79.1 ha−1 a−1 25.6–100.1 ha−1a−1, both increased increase input. Based nitrogen, their budget, substitution is rational wheat–summer an